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Что (кто) такое would that he were still living - определение

GRAMMAR EXPRESSING HYPOTHETICALS

Subjunctive in English; I were; It were; He were; She were; I be

he

WIKIMEDIA DISAMBIGUATION PAGE

HE; He (disambiguation); H.E.; H.e.; He.; HE (disambiguation); H E; He's; He (language)

¦ pronoun [third person singular]

1. used to refer to a man, boy, or male animal previously mentioned or easily identified.

2. used to refer to a person or animal of unspecified sex (in modern use, now largely replaced by 'he or she' or 'they').

3. any person (in modern use, now largely replaced by 'anyone' or 'the person').

¦ noun a male; a man.

Origin

OE he, he, of Gmc origin.

Usage

Until quite recently he was used to refer to a person of unspecified sex, as in every child needs to know that he is loved. However, this use is now regarded as old-fashioned or sexist. One alternative, which is gaining acceptance in both speech and writing, is to use they instead of he (everyone needs to feel that they matter), especially where it occurs after an indefinite pronoun such as everyone or someone. Another alternative is he or she, though this can become long-winded when used frequently.

he's

WIKIMEDIA DISAMBIGUATION PAGE

HE; He (disambiguation); H.E.; H.e.; He.; HE (disambiguation); H E; He's; He (language)

¦ contraction

1. he is.

2. he has.

HE

WIKIMEDIA DISAMBIGUATION PAGE

HE; He (disambiguation); H.E.; H.e.; He.; HE (disambiguation); H E; He's; He (language)

¦ abbreviation

1. high explosive.

2. His Eminence.

3. His or Her Excellency.

Википедия

English subjunctive

While the English language lacks distinct inflections for mood, an English subjunctive is recognized in most grammars. Definition and scope of the concept vary widely across the literature, but it is generally associated with the description of something other than apparent reality. Traditionally, the term is applied loosely to cases in which one might expect a subjunctive form in related languages, especially Old English and Latin. This includes conditional clauses, wishes, and reported speech. Modern descriptive grammars limit the term to cases in which some grammatical marking can be observed, nevertheless coming to varying definitions.

In particular, The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language narrows the definition further so that the usage of were, as in "I wish she were here", traditionally known as the "past subjunctive", is instead called irrealis. According to this narrow definition, the subjunctive is a grammatical construction recognizable by its use of the bare form of a verb in a finite clause that describes a non-actual scenario. For instance, "It's essential that he be here" uses the subjunctive mood while "It's essential that he is here" does not.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English subjunctive